Hipervinculación de documentos con Máquinas de Soporte Vectorial

En la actualidad el acceso a la información se da por medio de hipervínculos, los cuales interconectan los textos entre si únicamente si contienen una relación. Varios investigadores han estudiado la forma en que los humanos crean los hipervínculos y han tratado de replicar el modo de trabajo específicamente de la colección de Wikipedia. El uso de hipervínculos se ha pensado como un prometedor recurso para la recuperación de información, que fue inspirado por el análisis de citas de la literatura (Merlino-Santesteban, 2003). Según Dreyfus (Dreyfus, 2003) la hipervinculación no tiene ningún criterio específico, ni tampoco jerarquías. Por ello cuando todo puede vincularse indiscriminadamente y sin obedecer un propósito o significado en particular, el tamaño de la red y la arbitrariedad entre sus hipervínculos, hacen extremadamente difícil para un usuario encontrar exactamente el tipo de información que busca. En las organizaciones, la familiaridad y la confianza durante mucho tiempo han sido identificadas como las dimensiones de credibilidad de la fuente de información en publicidad (Eric Haley, 1996). Un hipervínculo, como una forma de información, puede, por lo tanto, tener un mayor impacto cuando se presenta por un objetivo conocido (Stewart & Zhang, 2003). Mientras tanto, los hipervínculos entre los sitios web pueden generan confianza en el remitente y el receptor del enlace, por lo que estas interacciones tienen efectos positivos de reputación para el destinatario (Stewart, 2006) (Lee, Lee, & Hwang, 2014). El estudio de documentos por medio de los hipervínculos es un área importante de investigación en minería de datos, en una red social a menudo lleva una gran cantidad de información estructural formada por los hipervínculos creando nodos compartidos dentro de la comunidad. Algunas importantes aplicaciones de los métodos de minería de datos para redes sociales son la recomendación social mediante las experiencias similares de los usuarios (Alhajj & Rokne, 2014). En marketing y publicidad se aprovechan las cascadas en las redes sociales y se obtienen beneficios sobre modelos de propagación de la información (Domingos & Richardson, 2001). Las empresas de publicidad están interesados en cuantificar el valor de un solo nodo en la red, tomando en cuenta que sus acciones pueden desencadenar cascadas a sus nodos vecinos. Los resultados de (Allan, 1997) (Bellot et al., 2013) (Agosti, Crestani, & Melucci, 1997) (Blustein, Webber, & Tague-Sutcliffe, 1997) sugieren que el descubrimiento de hipervínculos automatizado no es un problema resuelto y que cualquier evaluación de los sistemas de descubrimiento de Hipervínculos de Wikipedia debe basarse en la evaluación manual, no en los hipervínculos existentes

Stochastic information technology modelling for business processes

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Business Processes (BP) and Information Technology (IT) are two areas that work very closely in helping organisations to keep or retain competitive advantage. Therefore, design in these areas should consider the advantages provided by, and the limitations that each of these domains imposes on each other. BP design tries to ensure that IT specifications are considered during the design of BP. Similarly, Information Systems (IS) design attempts to capture organisational needs, known as IS functional and Non-Functional Requirements (NFR), in order to meet the organisational goals. Despite this, BP and IT modelling techniques barely depict the way IT may affect BP performance or vice versa. For example, Business Process Simulation (BPS) is one of the modelling techniques that has been increasingly used to support process design. The performance measurements obtained from BPS models, though, are obtained considering only organisational issues, and thus cannot be used to assess the impact that IT may have on process performance. Similarly, IT modelling techniques do not provide IS performance measurements, and hence cannot depict the way IS may improve BP performance. The relationship between BP and IT can be alternatively described in terms of the relationships between BP, IS and Computer Networks (CN). By looking at the parameters that govern these relationships a simulation framework was developed, namely ASSESS-IT, that develops simulation models that provide performance measurements of BP, IS and CN, and thus can reflect the impact that IT (IS and CN) may have on BP performance. This research uses a case study to test the proposed framework (theory testing), to understand the way BP, IS, and CN domains interact (discovery), and to propose alternative theories to solve the problems found (theory building). The experimentation with the ASSESS-IT framework suggests that in order to portray the impact that IT may have on BP, analysts in these domains should first identify those performance specifications that describe how well the IS delivers its functionality (also known as non-functional requirements). It was found that when the IS does not depend on determined response time, the relationships between BP, IS and CN can be assessed using only the relationship between BP and IS. An alternative simulation framework, namely BPISS, is proposed to produce BPS models that provide performance measurements of BP and IS. Thus, BP and IT analysts can investigate the impact that a given IS design may have on BP performance, and identify a better BP and IS solution.CONACYT, Mexic

Investigating Factors Affecting Integration Technologies Adoption in Organizations

The existing works point out that smaller organisations have been shown to have different technology adoption patterns than large ones. However, it is unclear whether Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and large organisations take decisions for the adoption of integration technologies by focusing on different factors. Moreover, the literature also shows that there is an absence of theoretical models that explain the adoption of Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) and Web Services in SMEs. These research issues, derived from the literature review, are taken into consideration and addressed in this paper, aiming at highlighting any significant difference in the way SMEs and large companies adopt integration technologies. In doing so, the parameters that can be used to explain the adoption of integration technologies in organizations are identified, as nature of organisations, company size, integration needs and time. These are tested through four case studies: a large organization and three SMEs

Framework for Aligning Big-Data Strategy with Organizational Goals

Organisations are currently looking to adopt Big Data technology but are uncertain of the benefits it may bring to the organization and concerned with the implementation costs. To this end, this research proposes a Strategic Framework aimed at helping on the alignment of the Business objectives with Big Data projects. The framework is expected to help on the understanding of the value that a proposed Big Data project may bring to the Organization. This paper focuses on the third phase of the framework: Generation of Strategic Big Data goals. The framework was tested on a broadcasting TV station in Nigeria. The conclusions of this phase are: the identification of strategic goals before implementation which offered a clearer view of the benefits the proposed project bring to the organization and helped to focus the project to deliver the best value. In addition, it helped them to reduced time and implementation cost

Implementing an e-business model for a dot-com SME: Lessons Learned

One of the key steps to develop an e-business solution is the definition of a Business Model (BM), which requires the expertise from different areas such as finance, technology, marketing, and project management. It is known that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) count with limited resources to undertake this type of e-business initiatives, and thus prompt to failure. This paper tells the story of the process of selection of a BM (and related documents) needed for the design and implementation of an undergoing dot-com initiative leaded by an SME in Mexico. The results of such study are summarized in a series of recommendations that SME may found useful when embarking in similar projects. Some key findings from these recommendations are: partnership with academic/research institutions, the key role of project management, communication, and identification of links between strategy and technology

Absorptive Capacity and its Potential Role in Supporting Organisational knowledge Creation: A Qualitative Approach

Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) is the ability of a firm to integrate, transform, and apply valuable knowledge required for business success. ACAP is proposed to play a significant role in enriching the process of knowledge creation embraced inside contemporary organizational Information Systems (IS) environments. Many misperceptions surround how ACAP can be measured and understood as an organizational construct. The aim of this research is to decrease such misperception by providing qualitative measures for ACAP dimensions extracted using data from (22) semi-structured interviews conducted with senior managers working in two telecommunication companies, and analysed following Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) coding techniques. Drawing on our analysis, we propose a relational model that includes measures that can be commonly used in the literature, and treated as guides to IS researchers and senior managers in exploring the rich facets of ACAP. The extracted measures are proposed to offer foundations for shaping where and how further potential organizational assets can be leveraged

Assessment of the requirement management process using a two-stage questionnaire

This research advocates the idea that although requirements management process is not carried out in many organizations there is some people within the organization that perform some requirements management practices. However, these practices are usually not documented and as consequence are not spread across the organization. This paper proposes an assessment methodology based on a two-stage questionnaire to identify which practices of the requirements management process are performed but not documented, which practices require to be prioritized and which are not implemented due to bad management or unawareness. In order to validate the assessment methodology, the questionnaire was applied to an industrial case study

Determining practices achievement in the requirement management process using a two-stage questionnaire

This paper aims to obtain a baseline snapshot of the requirement management process using a two-stage questionnaire to identify both performed and non-performed CMMI practices. The questionnaire proposed in this paper may help with the assessment of the requirement management process, provide useful information related to the current state of the process, and indicate those practices that require immediate attention with the aim of begin a Software Process Improvement program

An investigation of the role the donor moiety plays in modulating the efficiency of ‘donor-π-acceptor-π-acceptor’ organic DSSCs

Three ‘D-π-A-π-A’ based dyes have been synthesized featuring MeO-, MeS- and Me2N- as donor residues and benzothiadiazole and cyanoacrylic acid residues as acceptor units. UV–vis spectroscopy, solution electrochemistry and DFT modelling indicated that the Me2N- residue has the most significant effect on optical and redox properties of a photosensitizer. DSSCs with the Me2N- functionalized dye gave the highest power conversion efficiency of the series (η = 5.61%), presumably due to the better donor ability of this unit, which promotes more effective intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics

Business-IS Alignment: Assessment Process to Align IT Projects With Business Strategy

The value of information technology has been proved to be related to alignment between business and information systems (IS). However the constant report of failed IT projects suggests a misalignment between business and IS at the implementation stage. The majority of alignment assessment approaches focuses on the strategic level and overlooks the connections with IT projects. Although research has given little attention to this problem, it has been recognized that managers must focus on IT project planning as a mediator to improve business-IS alignment. This research proposes an assessment process across different organizational levels (strategic, tactical and operational). In doing so, the strategic alignment maturity (SAM) model is used and adapted to include the assessment of IT projects alignment maturity. IT projects are considered the unit of analysis that represents the operational implementation of strategies. The assessment process proposed has been tested in an SME in order to understand its practicability and limitations. The results show that is feasible to use the SAM model to assess the IT projects alignment maturity. Moreover, analyzing alignment across different organizational levels (strategic, tactic and operational) provides a more complete picture of the organization’s alignment maturity that could facilitate the design of specific actions to improve the project alignment with business objectives